Cyclic & Collective: More Art & Science Of Flying Helicopters E-book

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Overview

This unique book, written from the perspective of the pilot, provides a detailed, yet easy to understand overview of the theory and practice of helicopters. It covers nearly all aspects of learning to fly a helicopter, from basic theory through autopilots. It offers detailed explanations for both the beginner and advanced pilots on performance, handling and the mechanics of helicopters. The fundamentals of helicopter theory, aerodynamics, performance and flying are reviewed initially.

Examples are based around piston engine helicopters and are given from a cockpit perspective. The advanced section is for professional pilots, as well as those who want to know more about helicopters and how they work. It also reviews turbine helicopters with more advanced systems.

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Some Fundamentals
Math and Physics Revisited
Newton?s Laws
Vectors, Resultants and Resolving
Balance of Forces
Mass, Force, Energy and Work
Graphs and Such
Putting Together the Basics
Introduction to Helicopter
Aerodynamics
More Discussion of Lift
The Rotor Blade
Axes of the Blades
How Lift Gets to the Hub
Drag on the Whole Blade
Blade Flapping
More Basics of the Helicopter
Generic Helicopter
The Whole Rotor
Relative Airflow and Disk
Cyclical Change of Pitch
Total Lift from the Disk
Total Drag on the Disk
Keeping the Blades Clean
Flapback or Blowback
Rotor Heads and Components
Control of the Rotor
Tail Rotors
Air, Wind, and Weather
International Standard Atmosphere
Wrong Information
Wind!
Weather
Basic Helicopter Performance
Airframe Performance Defined
Hover performance
Out of Ground Effect (OGE)
Power Required vs. Density Altitude
Forward Flight Performance
Low Airspeed Power Required
Climb and Descent Performance
V Airspeeds
Load Factors
Balance and Weight
Center of Gravity
Balance
Weight and CG Diagram
Longitudinal CG
Lateral CG
Vertical CG
Balance of Forces in the Hover
Trim
The Aerodynamics of Autorotation
Autorotation Defined
Lift Vectors Again
Effect of Forward Flight
Instruments and Warning Systems
Airframe Instruments
Sideslip and Side Force
Engine Transmission and Rotor Instruments
The Piston Engine
Principles of Operation
Basics of Carburation
Piston Engine Helicopter Instruments
Starting
Clutches
Free?Wheel Units
Piston?Engine Helicopter Power Control
Measuring Piston Engine Helicopter Power
Carburetor Icing
Mixture Control
Throttle Handling
Over-Pitching
Throttle Co?relators
Fuel Injection
Piston Engine Governors
Turbochargers
Other Components of the Engine
Operation of the Piston Engine
Before You Strap In?
Prior to Lift-off
Holding the Controls
Effects of Controls
Downwash
Hand Signals
Helicopter Flying - The Basics
Effects of Controls in Forward Flight
Attitude Flying
Changing Airspeed in Level Flight
Climbs and Descents
Turns
Developing a ?Seat of the Pants? Sense
The Divine Art of Hovering
Concepts of Hovering
NR Control
Partial Control Technique
Specific Exercises for Learning Hovering
Moving Around
Hovering with Different References
Turns in the Hover
Taxing to the Side or Rear
Ground Taxing Skid Helicopters
Twixt Heaven and Earth,
Transitions to Forward Flight
Running Takeoff
?Maximum Performance Climbout?
Downwind Transition
Turns After Transition
Approach and Touchdowns
Transition Back to the Hover
Learning to Judge?
?Normal? Approach
Fast Approaches
Steep Approach
The No-Hover Touch Down
Downwind Approach to the Hover
Approaches with Turns
Running Landing
Traffic Patterns or Circuits
Lift-off and Touchdown
Touching Down From The Hover
Sloping Surfaces
Introducing Emergencies
Emergencies - General
Critical Emergencies
What Emergencies Can Happen
Engine Failures for Beginners
Collective Check - Why It Works
Power Recovery Autorotations
Autorotative Performance
The Height-Velocity Curve
Peculiarities of the Helicopter
Loss of Translational Lift
Vortex Ring State
Rollover
Retreating Blade Stall
Blade Sailing
Flight Manuals, Rules and Regulations
The Civilian Flight Manual
Philosophical Words about the Civilian FM
Reasons for Rules
Side Wind, Sideward Flight
The Military Flight Manual
Visual Flight Rules (VFR)
For the Professional Helicopter Pilot
Make a Decision
Concepts of Controls
Looking Outside
Checklists
Questions and Tests
Advanced Helicopter Aerodynamics
Airfoils
Blade and Segment Aerodynamics
Pitching Moments
Blades
Disk Aerodynamics
Tail Rotors
Flight Controls and Rotor Heads
Rotor Heads
Disk Axes
Hinges
New Rotor Heads
The Teetering Rotor Head
Hiller Control System
Robinson R-22 and R-44 Hub
MD Series Rotor Head
Height of Hub Above the CG
Advanced Performance
Factors Affecting Performance
Induced Velocity
Typical Civil FM Performance chart
Peculiarities of Low Airspeed IGE
Range
Endurance
Climb and Descent Performance
Whizz Wheels
Rules of Thumb
Other Components
Fuel Systems
Transmissions and Drive Shafts
HUMS
Electrical Systems
Hydraulic Systems
De-Ice / Anti-Ice systems
Landing Gear
Floats
Fire Detection and Suppression
Heating and Ventilation
Compasses
Windshield Wipers
Advanced Helicopter Flying
So How Do We Fly a Helicopter?
Flying a Helicopter ? Hovering
Why are Helicopters Difficult to Fly?
Control Forces
Low Airspeed Systems
Miscellaneous Instruments
the Digital Era
The Turbine Engine
Typical Free Turbine Engine
Ratings and Limitations of Engines
Density Altitude vs. Pressure Altitude and OAT
Governing systems
Electronic Fuel Controls
Turbine Engine Power Monitoring
Automatic Relight vs. Manual Air Starts
Engine?Related Items
Turbine Engine Cool-Down
Fixed Shaft Turbine Engines
Advanced Engine Failures
Autorotations
Energy and Autorotations
Intervention Delay Time
Height Velocity (HV) Curves
Advanced Emergencies
Tail Rotor Problems
Fires
When to Inflate Pop-out Floats
Emergencies Caused by Vibrations and Noise
Multi-Engine Helicopters
OEI Performance
Engine Failures in Multi-Engine Helicopters
Category A or Category B?
Heliport Takeoff Techniques
Stability and Control of the Helicopter
Weight and Balance
Inherent Sideslip
Keel Area Ratio
Fixed Floats Effect
Equations of Motion
Control Margin / Limitations
Solving Aerodynamic Problems
Further Peculiarities
Vibrations
Ground Resonance
Tail Rotor Control
Rapid Rolling
Underslung Loads
High Altitude Flying
Icing
Snow
Flying in Your Own Dust
Mast Bumping
Other Helicopter Types
Tip Jets
Kaman Servo?Flap Controls
Replacing the Tail Rotor
NOTAR
Night and Instrument Flying
Instrument Flying
Autorotations at Night, in Clouds, etc.
Instrument Flying Rules (IFR)
Automatic Flight Control
Definitions
Types of AFCS
Automatic Trim Systems
AFCS ?Upper? Modes
Hover and Low Speed
Autopilots
Failures of the AFCS
Miscellaneous Musings
Type Ratings
Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL)
Using GPS Intelligently
Torque Limiters
Health, etc.
Personal Equipment
The Helicopter is Not a Winch or Bulldozer
Simulators
Learning to Say No